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Overview of Dementia
Dementia is best described as an umbrella term used to refer to sure types of severe change in the brain that lead to memory loss . These changes in the brain make it challenging for the great unwashed to carry out their basic day - to - day functions and abilities . In many people , dementedness can also have changes in their personality and behavior . As advert above , there are different character of dementia , all of which tend to regard three independent parts of the mastermind including:(1,2,3,4 )
Most causes are dementia are ordinarily irreversibly and due to an underlying disease . However , there are some rare exceptions to this , usually observed in slip where the condition is because of alcohol or drug abuse , or depressive disorder . dissimilar type of dementia have unlike pattern of disease advancement , though most types are graded according to a band of similar stage itself.(5,6 )
10 Types of Dementia
Here are the 10 most common types of dementedness .
Alzheimer’s Disease
The most common type of dementedness isAlzheimer ’s disease . According to data from the Alzheimer ’s Association , this consideration accounts for nearly 60 to 80 percent of all dementia cases.(7)Some of the early sign of Alzheimer ’s disease admit forgetting about late events and names of hoi polloi , personality and mood changes , neglecting personal hygienics and overall attention , a general disorientation , etc . Sometimes depression can also be an early sign of Alzheimer ’s disease , but it is not a symptom of the disease itself and needs to be treated as a separate mental disorder . In some cases , older grownup meet from clinical slump are often misdiagnosed as let Alzheimer ’s disease.(8 )
The primary feature of Alzheimer ’s disease is the decease of encephalon cells . And as the condition get along further , people jump to experience mood variety and confusion or disorientation . Many multitude also receive difficulty inwalkingand speaking.(9 )
old grownup are at a higher peril of developing Alzheimer ’s , but around five per centum of cases of this disease are diagnosed in people who are just in their 40s and 50 , a condition mention to as early attack Alzheimer’s.(10,11 )
The progression of Alzheimer ’s disease is typically divided into seven stages , with symptom start out to appear when a soul attain Stage 2 . However , the symptom of intelligibly defined dementia tends to start at around point 4 only . The cognitive damage in the patient starts to worsen up to Stage 7 , after which most people with the circumstance are prone to have severe challenge in their movement and speech . As is the case with most types of dementia , the exact spirit level of care need by the affected role differs significantly as the symptom march on through the stages.(12,13 )
There are many known endangerment divisor that are known to amount together to increase the likeliness of a soul developing Alzheimer ’s disease , and none of these suit are very clearly understood . Some of the fuck risk factors for Alzheimer ’s include genetics , historic period , and fellowship history.(14 )
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Another character of dementia with Lewy body is known asLewy body dementia . Lewy physical structure dementia is get by deposit of protein in the nerve cell , which interrupts the chemical message in the brain . This causes freak out andmemory loss.(15,16,17 )
People with Lewy body dementia also get symptoms like visual hallucinations and often have trouble falling asleep at night , or they may even go to sleep unexpectedly in the day . They may also become disorient , lost , or may faint .
This type of dementia shares many of its symptoms with Alzheimer ’s and Parkinson ’s diseases . For example , some mass live tremble in their hand , palpate dog-tired or weak , and may even have difficulty walking . The Lewy body that are present in this type of dementia are also live to be present in the brains of patients with Alzheimer ’s and sometimes in those with Parkinson ’s disease as well . For people withParkinson ’s disease , some of the known risk of infection factors that may lead to the exploitation of Lewy physical structure dementedness also include:(18,19 )
Vascular Dementia
Another eccentric of dementia is fuck asvascular dementia . Vascular dementia is make by a want of blood in the brain . Vascular dementedness can develop as you age , and it can be associated with other underlying conditions likediabetes , high roue force per unit area , atherosclerotic disease , and others . The most vulgar cause of vascular dementia is having a stroke.(20,21 )
The symptom of vascular dementia ordinarily set out to seem tardily , but in some cause , the onset can be sudden , depending on the underlying causal agency . freak out and confusion are normally some of the other signs of this figure of dementia . In the later stage , multitude commence let fuss reduce for farsighted period of time or completing their tasks . Vascular dementedness can also lead to problems with vision , and sometimes affected role may also live hallucinations .
Since vascular dementia is usually due to discrete events , it normally appear and decline in a leg - wise manner rather than the reformist decline that happens in Alzheimer ’s disease.(22 )
There are many risk constituent for vascular dementedness , admit :
Parkinson’s Disease
Research has testify that most masses with Parkinson ’s disease go on to evolve dementedness . Some of the early symptoms of Parkinson’s - pertain dementia admit trouble with assessment and reasoning . For example , a somebody having Parkinson ’s disease dementedness is potential to have fuss remembering how to do dim-witted casual tasks or understanding visual information . Such patients may even receive frightening or confusing hallucinations.(23,24 )
Parkinson - link dementia can also make a person to become cranky . Many masses also tend to get paranoid or get down as the disease starts to go on . On the other hand , some may forget words , have trouble having a conversation , or may get suffer while having a conversation .
One of the main peril factors for dementia in people with Parkinson ’s disease is a type of motor difficulty that is known as postural instability and gait disturbance ( PIGD ) . PIGD is a condition in which people receive difficulty in movement , including trouble with reconciliation , descend , or having to shuffle while walking .
Similar to Lewy soundbox dementedness , Parkinson ’s disease - related dementedness is also a progressive condition.(25,26 )
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease(CJD ) is one of the rarest character of dementedness . According to appraisal by the Alzheimer ’s Association , only about one in one million people are name with this condition every year.(27)This status lean to progress very quickly , and it is a fatal disease , with people die within just one year of being diagnosed with CJD.(28 )
CJD is caused when abnormal and misfolded proteins , known as prions , begin appear in the body , which trigger the development of additional prions in the brain , which finally get the demise of brain electric cell .
The symptoms of CJD are similar to the other types of dementia , with some mass experiencing symptom like tempestuousness and others having depression . personnel casualty of memory , confusion , muscle rigorousness , and twitch of muscular tissue are some of the other rough-cut symptoms of this disease.(29,30,31 )
Frontotemporal Dementia
Frontotemporal dementiais an umbrella terminal figure used to refer to a variety of dementedness . All the types of dementedness that fall under frontotemporal dementedness have one affair in rough-cut , that is they only bear upon the head-on and side areas of the brain . These parts of the mentality are the parts that control behavior and language . This form of dementedness is also make love as Pick ’s disease . However , it is important to mark that these case of dementedness show up in multiple forms .
While dementia is usually associate with older people , frontotemporal dementedness , though , is acknowledge to bear on people as untested as 45 years honest-to-god . However , researchers have no melodic theme what on the dot make this condition , except that it tend to run in kinsfolk . People who have variation in some genes are more prone to have this form of dementia.(32 )
Frontotemporal dementedness make a expiration of motivation and forbiddance in a patient and also leads to driven behavior . Like other forms of dementia , patient with this shape of dementia also experience problems with their speech , including forgetting what some mutual parole intend . In some causa , frontotemporal dementia has some severe result on speech , even more so than Alzheimer ’s disease . However , unlike what happens in Alzheimer ’s , problems with memory that stem from frontotemporal dementia tend to develop at a later stage of the disease .
Frontotemporal dementedness is the most common character of dementedness that develop in people who have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS).(33,34 )
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Normal air pressure hydrocephalus ( NPH ) is a type of condition that leads to an accumulation of surplus fluid in the ventricles of the brain . These ventricle are space filled with fluid that are supposed to help provide buffer to the mind and spinal cord . The ventricles depend on having just the right counterpoise of fluid for function aright . When the fluid starts to roll up excessively , it place a lot of pressure on the brain , which causes damage to the brain cell . This is what causes the symptoms of dementia.(35 )
Diagnosis of NPH takes a tenacious clock time , and the condition is often misdiagnosed as well . In most case , it takes a lot of diagnostic tests to first rule out other types of dementia . According to enquiry by John Hopkins Medicine , it is guess that NPH induce just five percent of dementia cases.(36 )
Some of the likely effort of this condition may include a brain tumour , contagion , bleeding , injury , or former brain surgeries .
Leaving this circumstance untreated can cause the symptoms to exacerbate . Seeking early discourse can help your doctor prevent further brain damage from happening . Unlike other type of dementedness , it is possible to cure normal pressure sensation hydrocephalus with surgery.(37 )
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Also known as Wernicke encephalopathy or Wernicke ’s disease , Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome is a character of brain disorder . This is due to a lack of vitamin B1 . The condition causes bleed in the lower part of the brain . Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome causes forcible symptoms like loss of muscle coordination , twofold vision , trouble process fresh information , call back things , or learning Modern acquirement . As the disease advance , the physical symptoms of Wernicke ’s disease ( specially if the condition is left untreated ) start to fall , and the symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome begin to take over.(38 )
Korsakoff syndrome is a type of memory disorder that develops when Wernicke ’s disease progresses without treatment . The two conditions are linked , which is why they are typically grouped together as one condition , thus being phone Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome . The symptoms of this syndrome are standardized to the other forms of dementedness , but the syndrome is singular in that it is a preventable stipulation , and it is also treatable if discussion is sought at an early stage.(39 )
Huntington’s Disease
Huntington ’s disease is a genetical disease that can cause dementedness . There are two type of Huntington ’s disease , namely juvenile and grownup - onslaught Huntington ’s . Juvenile is a rare form of the condition , and it causes symptoms in adolescence or sometimes even in childhood . The adult form of Huntington ’s disease commonly starts to cause symptoms when a someone is in their 30 or 40s . The condition lead to a untimely breakdown of the boldness cellular telephone in the brain , which conduct to symptoms of dementia along with impaired movement as the disease progresses.(40 )
trouble walking , trouble swallow , and jolt of the muscle are some of the symptom assort with Huntington ’s disease . The dementedness symptom tie to Huntington ’s disease are similar to those that are seen in other type of dementedness , including anger , depression , and modality changes.(41 )
Mixed Dementia
assorted dementia is a condition where a somebody is suffering from more than one type of dementia . Mixed dementia is a very common word form of dementia , with the most common case being a combination of Alzheimer ’s disease and vascular dementia .
According to estimates by the Hersey Alzheimer ’s Association , nearly 45 percent of mass with dementia are know to have mixed dementia , though they are not aware of it.(42)Mixed dementia causes many different type of symptom , with some mass go through symptoms like disorientation and remembering release followed by behavioral and mood changes . Most multitude with sundry dementedness experience difficulty in walking and speaking as the disease gain ground .
Conclusion
While these are the main types of dementia , it is also important to agnize that many wellness conditions can also cause dementia , especially in the recent stages of the disease . For example , people with HIV tend to develop dementia and cognitive impairment in the later stages , especially if they are not on antiviral medication . Even people with multiple induration are also know to develop dementia . No matter what is the case of your dementia , it is authoritative to know that early treatment can aid your condition from worsening . If you surmise that you or a be intimate one is experiencing symptoms of dementia , it is important to speak to a doctor at the earliest so that your handling can be started before the condition worsen .
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