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What is Coombs Test?
Coombs test is a blood test done to find out the type ofanemiaa soul is suffering from . It is also get it on as antiglobulin testing.(1 )
If someone is jade , hasshortness of breath , stale hand and feet , and paleness in the skin , it indicates anemia i.e. insufficiency of red blood cells . If low crimson blood cells are affirm , a Coombs test is ordered to confirm the kind of genus Anemia that person is support from .
Coombs trial moderate certain antibodies in the line . These antibodies are the proteins made by theimmune systemwhen something harmful to health is discover . These antibodies protect the torso against harmful encroacher by destroying them . Sometimes these antibodies destroy the red blood cell and lead to hemolytic anemia.(2 )
Direct Vs. Indirect Coombs Test
Coombs test is of two types , direct and indirect .
Direct Coombs exam or direct antiglobulin test halt for the antibody that are attached to the surface of the flushed blood cells . The reagent used get the red blood cells with attached antibodies to clump together . It is used for testing haemolytic genus Anemia , transfusion chemical reaction , and erythroblastosis fetalis .
Indirect Coombs mental testing or indirect antiglobulin test checks for the antibody that are float in the serum i.e. the liquid part of the blood . During the psychometric test , the red blood line cells are removed from the sampling and the foreign red blood cubicle that attract the antibodies are inaugurate . The reagent used in the exam clump the new descent cell together , which mean there are antibodies in the blood serum . It is done to test prenatal parentage examination and pre - transfusion blood typing .
Coombs Test Procedure
For the Coombs trial run , a sample of blood is direct by venipuncture and the blood is quiz with antibody that react with the blood .
This test is often done on infants who might have antibodies in line of descent if their parent has a dissimilar blood type . In them a sampling is obtained by doing a small puncture on the dog and blood is gather up in a modest methamphetamine tubing or a methamphetamine sliding board .
Coombs trial is done to detect the agglutination of the red blood cellular phone . In a negatively charged trial run , no glob are discover , which means no antibody were notice , or if observe they were insignificant . The test is overconfident if agglutinating activity is present , which indicate the front of antibody .
Conditions That Lead To Positive Coombs Test
There are several intellect that may lead to a plus Coombs test .
1. Autoimmune Conditions
Autoimmune conditions that may contribute to hemolysis include:(3 )
2. Transfusion Reaction
In vitrine the parentage cup is not of a proper lucifer , the resistant system may attack the donate blood . Coombs trial run can detect this status as other as 2 mean solar day after blood transfusion .
An collateral Coombs trial done prior to transfusion can help oneself in such a case .
3. Erythroblastosis Fetalis
This condition takes place when the birthing parent and fetus have different rip type like Rh divisor positive or negative or ABO type conflict . In this typesetter’s case , the birthing parent ’s roue system may attack the babe ’s blood during labor . This is known as hemolysis disease of the fetus and new-sprung . It may conduct to a high bilirubin level and causejaundice .
This status should be in good order watched as it can lead to the dying of the newborn or the birthing parent . Coombs test is often performed in a pregnant person to check for the antibodies before labour .
4. Infection
Sometimes the soundbox can catch infections that cause the antibodies to bond to the red blood cell . These conditions includemononucleosis , malaria , syphilis , HIV , and contagion withmycoplasma .
5. Drug Toxicity
Drug toxicity can lead to antibody on the red blood cells . These drug admit Mefoxin , Brocadopa , dapsone , nitrofurantoin , nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs , and quinidine .
6. Advanced Age
Sometimes , particularly in quondam adult , the Coombs test may be abnormal even without any disease or risk factor .
Risks Associated with Coombs Test
There is very little risk of infection consort with this exam .
The veins and the artery sizing dissent from person to person . Taking blood may be difficult in some people . The other risk of infection associated are :
Coombs test is done to find the harmful antibody in the rakehell that may be damaging the red line of descent cells .
