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What is Frontotemporal Dementia?
Frontotemporal Dementia is a medical term used for describe a collection of upset which make cognitive decline in an individual . These disorders do a gradual decline in executive functioning , language processing and substantial behavioral issues . Frontotemporal Dementia is the third most common form of dementedness or memory board going after Alzheimer Dementia andLewy Body Dementia . The primary cause of Frontotemporal Dementia is gradual devolution of the frontal and temporal lobe of the brain . It is further subcategorized into behavioral and language subtypes reckon on the symptoms displayed by the patient.[1 ]
The World health Organization express that there are about 48 million people who have some form of dementia and the numbers are ever increase to the tune of 7 million cases reported every class . Out of these , around 70 % of case are diagnose with Alzheimer while others are name with sundry type of dementia . Study done on the preponderance of Frontotemporal Dementia suggest that this is the second most common class of dementia in people below the eld of 60 . There were about 25 % case of Frontotemporal Dementia name in hoi polloi above the age of 65.[1 ]
However , it is quite tough to prognosticate the precise number of citizenry with underlying Frontotemporal Dementia due to the miserable frequency of the disease even in people who are at severe risk . The preponderance of Frontotemporal Dementia is also spoil by the difficulty that this experimental condition poses to clinician in accurately name it . In the United States , sketch advise that the prevalence of Frontotemporal Dementia is about 20 in every 100,000 people.[1 ]
What on the nose causes Frontotemporal Dementia is not very well understood but researchers are of the notion that gradual shrinkage of the head-on and secular lobes in the wit with old age and meter is one of the factors that play a office in the development of this status . The shrinking of these lobe are a solution of buildup of unnatural proteins which become toxic and set out stimulate impairment to the learning ability electric cell causing them to squinch . There have also been several gene defect that have been associated with the development of Frontotemporal Dementia but absolute majority of the great unwashed with this defect do not have a family history of this condition.[1 ]
Some studies propose a genetic and molecular similarity between Frontotemporal Dementia andALSbut more inquiry need to be done in this esteem to verify the association . This article trace the various types of Frontotemporal Dementia , their presenting feature article , and the direction options for this condition.[1 ]
Different Types Of Frontotemporal Dementia & Their Symptoms and Treatment Options
As stated , Frontotemporal Dementia is a aggregation of a group of neurocognitive disorders . These disorders are categorized based on the symptoms that are displayed by the patient . They include a gradual fall in behavior and personality , decline in language processing , and progressive decline in motor subroutine . The symptom along with a thrifty inspection of the lobe that is damaged or affect determines the type of Frontotemporal Dementia the single has.[2 ]
In pillowcase of a behavior and personality decline , the patient will display errors in judgment . The patient will have a substantial alteration in personality and demeanour where he or she will cry or express joy at out or keeping times . Their behaviour becomes irregular where they may become aggressive all of a sudden or may prefer to stay alone on some days . This form is termed as Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia . This form of Frontotemporal Dementia is seen in around 60 % of cases of this condition.[2 ]
In type of a language decline , the patient will start have problems with recitation , authorship , or communicating . The patient will also have a hard metre realize what is being said to him or her . A gradual decline in the speech communication processing can be due to two variants of Frontotemporal Dementia namely non - silver-tongued aphasia in which the individual has a gradual declination in the ability to speak.[2 ]
The second variant is semantic dementia where the patient role starts forget objects that are used in routine aliveness like a razor , pick , or cockscomb . The patient may also forget the names of people close to him or her . These two variants of Frontotemporal Dementia make about 20 % of all lawsuit of Frontotemporal Dementia.[2 ]
In cases of a decline in the motor occasion , the patient will have problem with any attempts at social movement . Ambulation becomes a challenge for them as they are not able-bodied to use their appendage in the correct way . The coordination is extremely hapless and there is uninterrupted shaking of the limb . In many cases , Frontotemporal Dementia tends to occur with other motor disfunction like motor neuron disease of the ALS type in which the nerves of the brain andspinal cordget affected.[2 ]
Supranuclear palsy is yet another motor dysfunction that is usually hear in people with Frontotemporal Dementia where the patient role has difficulty performing any type of movement whether it is walking or holding a loving cup of coffee.[2 ]
Coming to the presenting features of Frontotemporal Dementia , the symptoms are importantly variable and reckon on the type of Frontotemporal Dementia the affected role has . However , as the disease work up , the procedure of the total nous is impact and the patient will have symptom of all the var. together .
In pillow slip where the patient has behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia , the watch symptoms will be displayed:[2 ]
masses with the Language Variant Frontotemporal Dementia will have :
People with Motor Variant Frontotemporal Dementia will exhibit the adopt symptoms :
In some case , there may be urinary incontinence due to the inability of the patient role to operate self to go to the public convenience on time.[2 ]
regrettably , as of now , there is no way to either cure Frontotemporal Dementia or slow up down the forward motion of the disease process . The intervention is mainly direct at check the symptom and meliorate quality of life of the patient.[2 ]
For managing behavioural problem , there are sure medication that can be give which will help in controlling the behavior to some extent . They can also help in preventing other symptoms like overeating and repetitious behavior . These medications include SSRIs like sertraline and antipsychotic drug like olanzapine . It is mandatory for people with Frontotemporal Dementia who are on these medicine to be monitored closely as they tend to have potentially serious side effects especially in the great unwashed with dementia.[2 ]
For care the symptom of voice communication and inclusion , speech therapy can be of help since they will machinate unexampled shipway of communication between the patient and the family or caregiver . In most cases , Frontotemporal Dementia patients will have to commune through sign or through a notebook computer . It can also be helpful to provide such patient with pic of common object which they can show if they ask it.[2 ]
It is essential for family members or the caregivers to verbalise solely to the patients so that they are capable to grasp and comprehend what is being said to them . There should always be a change of programme on paw since the symptom will change for the worse as the disease progresses.[2 ]
Unfortunately , there is no way to retard down the decline of motor mathematical function in an individual with Frontotemporal Dementia . There are certain medicinal drug which may ameliorate the quality of life when they are used withphysical therapysessions . As of now , enquiry is still ongoing as to find out more effectual treatment for this term . The investigator are strain to find way to somehow target and obviate the unnatural proteins that cluster together damage the wit cells causing Frontotemporal Dementia.[2 ]
In conclusion , Frontotemporal Dementia is a reformist neurodegenerative disorder in which the affected person step by step loses the power to function in mundane lifespan . They misplace the power to utter , read , and write . In some case , patient with Frontotemporal Dementia are not able to speak anything at all . step by step , they blank out familiar people or object they expend day by day like a soup-strainer or ashavingcream.[2 ]
The elemental cause of Frontotemporal Dementia is not unclouded but studies paint a picture accrual of unnatural proteins in the brain that step by step damage the frontal and temporal lobes of the Einstein as the reason behind this condition . There is no cure for Frontotemporal Dementia and unfortunately researcher are still trying to retrieve a room to at least slow down the progression . As the condition progresses , the affected role start to need 24 hour supervision or has to be admit to a residential charge facility.[2 ]
The overall survival charge per unit of citizenry with Frontotemporal Dementia is varying . The prognosis is quite poor if Frontotemporal Dementia occurs with a motor neuron dysfunction like ALS where the individual at uttermost can hold out for about 5 years post diagnosis . In other case , the survival charge per unit is quite bright and the patient may come through up to 10 years even though the quality of life may be badly compromised.[2 ]
It is quite a challenge for caregivers and family members to care for an person with Frontotemporal Dementia . A strong bread and butter internet is therefore required to help the patient role make out up with the strain of wangle a dementing malady like Frontotemporal Dementia.[2 ]
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