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What is Cartilage?
Cartilage is an important structure that lies within the articulation in all four extremities.(1)Cartilages are also found between ribs and sternum , as well as between vertebral body . The loaded rings of trachea and bronchi are form by cartilages .
Characteristics of Cartilage
Cartilage is a special type of connective tissue work by chondrocytes.(2)Chondrocytes deposits collagen fibers , elastic fiber and proteoglycan . Cartilage is less solid than bones and flexible . It derives its aliment with diffusion from other cadre and tissues . gristle do not have sensory nerves , capillaries and lymphatic vessels . Thus , cartilage depends on diffusion from peripheral tissue to move atomic number 8 and nutrients , as well as move waste product substances from cartilage to adjacent gentle tissue . Healing of gristle takes longer than brawniness and other soft tissues . The healing is prolonged because of restricted supply of nutrients and oxygen as well as lack of receptive nerve vulcanized fiber .
gristle is found in joints of upper and scummy extremities . The upper extremity stick that contains gristle are shoulder , cubital joint , wrist , hand and finger . likewise , lower appendage joint that contains cartilage are hip , stifle , ankle , foot and toes . Cartilage , recognize as intervertebral disc , forms a linkup between adjacent vertebra . likewise , gristle connects ribs with sternum . Cartilage maintain soundness of olfactory organ , auricle , larynx , trachea and bronchi .
Cartilage Injury and Recovery-
Cartilage does not have blood provision and sensory nerves . Cartilage often gets hurt and injury is not diagnosed because of deficiency of sensory nerve . The injury is because of wear and charge and recur drift of joint as well as harm . The positive feedback of gristle is extremely slow because of deficiency of direct blood supply and lack of sensory nerves.1In several pillowcase following cartilage tear the repair is followed by excessive calcium deposits and gristle often turn in to bone . Such change interfere with function of cartilage .
What is the Function of Cartilage in a Joint?
Types of Cartilage and Its Location and Function
There are three types of gristle :
Hyaline Cartilage2 – Hyalos mean glassy in Grecian language . hyalin cartilages are smooth and glazed thus the gristle is nominate Hyaline gristle . The smooth shiny hyalin cartilages are rule in nose , ear , larynx , trachea and bronchi . The rib gristle that link costa to sternum is made up of hyaline cartilage . hyaloid gristle is made up of sparse fibers of collagen and is the weak of all the three types . Hyaline cartilage is able to confirm system of weights carry adjacent bone in junction of extremities . The cartilage is flexible and cartilaginous , but healing of torn gristle is slow and takes several weeks .
Functions of Hyaline Cartilage- Maintains the Link Between Adjacent Bones In Joint- Cartilages adhere to next bones and ligament as well as tendon are attached to cartilages . Thus , cartilage prevents legal separation of adjacent bones .
Maintains Smooth Joint Movement- The still open of hyaline gristle helps to keep smooth joint movement .
Reduces Friction Between Adjacent Bones- The gristle legato aerofoil that is covered by synovial membrane prevents detrition between adjacent osseous tissue .
Maintain the Anatomical Shape- Stiffness of cartilage maintains the anatomical Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe of ear , nozzle and external respiration handing over like larynx , trachea and bronchi .
Fibrocartilage3 – Fibrocartilage is less flexible and more strong than pliable gristle . The fibrocartilage is predominantly shape by collagen fibers . The fibrocartilage is tough and sturdy . Fibrocartilage is located at the front of the pelvic ivory ( pubic symphysis ) , intervertebral disc , berm joint , temporomandibular or jaw reefer . The meniscus that lies in front of knee joint is a tough fibro - cartilage and allow attachment of several ligaments .
The routine of fibrocartilage are as follows-
blow Absorber- Fibrocartilage that lie between vertebra fuck as intervertebral disc bit like a shock absorber . The rugged fibrocartilage that lies between neighboring vertebra prevents slippage of conterminous vertebra . The fibrocartilage protect adjacent vertebra from shock of rapid weight unit transmission when individual jumps or struck by verbatim impact .
Sustain Wear and Tear- Shoulder joint is also know as ball and socket joint . The clod of humerus and deeper socket of shoulder blade forms shoulder join . The cartilage that lines the socket and ball of humerus is fibrocartilage . The constant motion between glob and socket would cause ceaseless wear and tear of joint cartilage . The fibrocartilage that lines shoulder joint prevents speedy wear and rent .
backup Tendons and Muscles- The sinew and muscles are attach to fibrocartilage in jaw , pelvis and vertebral column .
pliable Cartilage – This character of gristle provide higher flexibility and thus experience as pliant cartilage . The cartilage lines the ear lobe , epiglottis and larynx . The elasticity and flexibleness of cartilage help to maintain change of position of spike lobe during eternal sleep . Similarly , flexibility of gristle help in larynx and epiglottis when the voice box expands and narrows during ventilation .
Functions of Elastic Cartilage-
alteration of Shape and Size- The ear lobe often gets vellicate during sleep under pressure . The shape returns to normal shape when pressing is removed . take into account Vibration- The cartilage of voice box ( representative box ) thrill during speech and singing . The vibration or social movement are triggered by contraction and relaxation of attached muscles .
muscular tissue Attachments- The laryngeal muscles are attached to the elastic cartilage of voice box .
What Happens if Cartilage Wears Out or Gets Damaged?
sealed condition can affect the cartilage resulting in unlawful operation of cartilage or hurt to joints or structures . trauma or trauma to the joint commonly pass off in sportspersons or after fortuity , can result in tearing of the cartilage , which can further increase friction of the bones and stimulate joint pain . Osteoarthritis is a degenerative stipulation , in which the cartilage thins or wears off due to overweening usage or outwear and rent causing pain and difficulty in moving the reefer . gristle in rib can get inflamed in costochondritis and cause rib pain . gristle cushion in spinal vertebrae , if damage due to aging or harm , can induce extrusion or hernia of spinal disc , induce back pain or nerve compression . Certain hereditary conditions or autoimmune atmospheric condition affecting the cartilage or connective tissue can do easy damage to the cartilage and result in specific charge .
reference :
Anatomy , Cartilage
Iou - Ren Chang ; Andrew Martin . Last Update : December 13 , 2018 .
The Basic Science of Articular Cartilage
Structure , Composition , and Function
Alice J. Sophia Fox , MSc,*Asheesh Bedi , MD,†andScott A. Rodeo , MD†‡,Sports Health . 2009 Nov ; 1(6 ): 461–468 .
Microstructural and Compositional Features of the Fibrous and Hyaline Cartilage on the Medial Tibial Plateau Imply a Unique Role for the Hopping Locomotion of Kangaroo
Bo He,1Jian Ping Wu,2Jiake Xu,1Robert E. Day,3andThomas Brett Kirk2 , * , PLoS One . 2013 ; 8(9 ): e74303 .
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