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leaden rain during violent storm , hurricane or typhoon pours Brobdingnagian amount of water on land . During last 3 decades since 1996 overall 39 hurricane shoot down over east seacoast of United States , to include province of Alabama , Florida , Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , New York and Texas . Thirteen Hurricane landed over Florida and 12 over Louisiana . In U.S. chronicle , the most fiscal losses and health problem were take note following Hurricane Katrina , which had diffuse in country of Louisiana , Florida , Texas and Mississippi . The Hurricane Harvey poured 51.8 inches of rain in Huston and surrounding town in Texas .
Financial Burden and Health Issues Linked to Hurricanes-
implosion therapy results in huge financial losses and major wellness issues . The repair and Reconstruction Period cost after desolation follow Hurricane Katrina was over 100 billion dollars . The structural amends due to hurricane Harvey were far worse than Hurricane Katrina and cost to rebuild affected cities and town could be over 160 billion dollar mark . The property indemnity , occlusion of industries and restricted transport scheme causes release of job and income .
The price of wellness direction post hurricane is also additional expenses . The most common medical problem observed in the preceding 3 decennium following implosion therapy in North America due to hurricanes were personal injuries , mental issues , diarrhea and upper respiratory pamphlet transmission . The flooding as observed follow hurricane Harvey can create major wellness issues on top of morphological damages of roadstead , bridge , sewer system , residential and commercial-grade holding .
Flooding and Health Issues Caused by Hurricanes-
implosion therapy takes place when pelting water is far more in volume than the capacity of sewer drain system to remove the water . Excess water over the land initially soaks into the ground or sink through gutter arrangement in to ocean or river in most urban and rural area . Once the undercoat is saturated and sewer organization is flooded with water then the storm water system or runoff water system starts collecting over the footing . The stratum of H2O over the ground increment if volume of water supply falling by rain is much higher in loudness than the H2O drained by sewerage scheme . assembling of moribund water over the country is sleep together as implosion therapy . implosion therapy is observed when the volume of rain is much higher as reckon keep abreast Hurricane of class 2 or high as in case of hurricane Katrina and hurricane Harvey . The drainage of piddle from toilet organisation is often restrain when level of sea or river is higher than the water horizontal surface over the land . The limitation of urine flow in to river or sea is further slowed down because of large volume of derbies block the toilet arrangement . Once rainwater arrest , the body of water is drained out in few hour or days if drainage system is effective and not blocked . The body of water level may remain high for several days if drainage tobacco pipe are ineffective because of dust cover the lm and stuck to wall of the drain system . The repair doer and technician in most cases are often unable to turn up the area of encirclement for several hours or Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . The disease are less wide of the mark spread if flood weewee is drained out in 3 to 4 days once the rain quit . In USA the increase number of cases of diarrhea and respiratory infection were remark following prolonged flooding as in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina and New York after hurricane Sandy .
Epidemic Health Problems That Arise After Hurricanes
The epidemic health problem are the major military issue following flooding in tropical and subtropical area . The mosquito take viral and protozoal infection become epidemic diseases in tropical countries following implosion therapy . The indigenous diseases in tropical as well as subtropical area like malaria , zika virus contagion , dengue fever , viral hemorrhagic fever , yellow fever and leishmaniasis distribute as an epidemic disease following floods as mosquito population increase . The communicable disease are often see in area where sanitation is of lower calibre and population is dumb ensue in crowding of houses . In USA the diseases that are stockpile by mosquito are rare and eradicate , thus epidemics of mosquito or check post diseases were not note during last 3 decades play along hurricane and implosion therapy . The most vulgar health return detect follow former hurricane in USA were personal trauma , genial illness , upper respiratory illnesses and few caseful of diarrhea . The minor step-up telephone number of zika virus was observe in Florida and Louisiana after hurricane Katrina . The personal hurt in most cases are drowning , crush hurt and straight-from-the-shoulder trauma . Spread of communicable diseases are not observed following retiring flooding in USA . The waterborne diseases like looseness of the bowels and upper respiratory tract transmission were keep an eye on following premature implosion therapy in USA . The published studies also suggest the mosquito breeding was maintain over pocket of urine left after flooding is drained . The gentility includes Culex mosquitoes and Aedes mosquitoes . Culex mosquitoes have a bun in the oven West Nile , as well as St. Louis encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis . Aedes aegypti are the principal carriers for Zika , as well as dengue , chikungunya , and yellow fever . In USA during last 3 decades follow several hurricanes epidemic of vector borne diseases were not memorialise , though increased number of vector were observed . In few cases delayed increase in issue of West Nile disease were observed in areas affected by Katrina . Nuisance mosquitoes keep in Texas during transmittance season were not found to convey any viruses or protozoa .
Water Contamination and Health Problems Caused Due to Hurricanes-
The human and animal discharges consisting viruses , bacterium and protozoa lies on dry ground in inactive hibernating stage . The virus , bacteria and sponge chop-chop multiples in flooded water resulting in pollution of flood weewee . Stagnant flood water over the street and land have speedy admixture of rubble , soil , BM and urine . The alluvion water also commingle with solid content of cloaca system . The soil and cognitive content of sewer system pack expectorant , sputum , feces , weewee and purulent release which may be coalesce with viruses , bacteria and protozoa from infected mortal . Flood water supply may also mix with depicted object of sewer treatment plant , which may also arrest computer virus , bacteria and parasites . The polluted flood piddle eventually is discharged into river and sea . The effective drainage system polish off the contaminated piddle once the pelting stops . Once the flood weewee level is remove then the sack of water over the land may become a fostering ground for mosquito and ticks . Since the mosquito beam diseases are extremely uncommon in USA , the increased numeral of mosquitoes may not reflect increase act of vector borne disease . The only health issue predominantly respect following flooding in USA were accidental injury , diarrhea , respiratory illnesses and psychological sickness . Psychological illness observe after hurricane were clinical depression , anxiety , increased cases of substance abuse1 and sleep deprivation because of financial crisis . In few countries , mold photo were increase ensue in increased upper respiratory symptoms.2
The written report write by Rhodes J. in Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioner has shown increased caseful of Vibrio Vulnificus bacterial infection stick with Hurricane Katrina.3
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