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Nickel is a argent - white hard metal that can be combined with other metals to form alloy . Some of the metals that can be mixed with nickel are atomic number 29 , Fe , zinc , and chromium , which can be used to make jewelry , metal coin , industrial valve , heating exchangers and unsullied sword . Ni can also be mixed with non - metals , such as chlorine , oxygen , and sulfur . These chemical compound can be weewee - soluble and impart characteristic light-green color , although nickel compounds are usually odorless and tasteless . It is also used as a accelerator , in nickel plating , colourize ceramic , and making batteries and is release in the atmosphere by coal - burn index plants , fossil oil - burning power works , and methamphetamine incinerators.(1 )
How Dangerous Is Nickel?
The risky essence of nickel depend on the dose , duration , mean of exposure , comportment of other chemicals and personal traits and habits of an individual . It can be exposed via ventilation , smoke , drinking , eating or by tegument physical contact . Generally , the concentration of nickel is very humiliated in the surroundings and major exposure to nickel is via food for thought . The concentration of nickel in melodic phrase range from 7 - 12 ng per cubic meter , in weewee , it ranges from 2 - 4.3 parts per billion , in soil it ranges from 4 - 80 parts per million , in waste site it is around 9000 parts per million . solid food is the major source of exposure and normally a individual eats 170 micrograms per Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . food that have high sum of nickel are batty , oatmeal , chocolate , and soybeans . inspiration of nickel from drunkenness urine is around 2 micrograms and via ventilation is 0.1 - 1 microgram , take out tobacco smoke . Exposure is greater for workers in nickel industry who can inhale detritus and fumes from welding or by skin liaison with nickel - containing metals , dust or solutions.(1 )
Can Nickel Cause Cancer?
The most vernacular health fortune due to nickel is an hypersensitised response and approximately 10 - 20 % population is allergic to Ni . sustain tangency of Ni with the skin may lead to allergic skin reaction that may demo as a skin rash at the situation of liaison , such aseczemaand sometimesdermatitis(away from the web site of touch ) . Some citizenry display to atomic number 28 via inhalation may become supersensitised and developasthma . Nickel allergic reaction is more common in adult female than in hands and this could be related to greater exposure of women to jewelry and other alloy items . People who are not sensitized to nickel note will have to consume a prominent amount of Ni to grow harmful effects ( such as 250 ppm ) . Serious wellness hazards of nickel pic admit continuing bronchitis , reduced lung function , and cancer of lung and nasal sinus.(1 )
Nickel and certain nickel compound have been listed in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens in 1980 as reasonably anticipated human carcinogen . Later in the Tenth Report on Carcinogens in 2002 , nickel note compounds were listed as known human carcinogens ; however , metallic nickel still stay on in the listing of reasonably look to human carcinogens.(2 )
Several epidemiological studies , mechanistic subject and cancer studies in humans and rodents have plunk for the carcinogenicity of Ni compounds . Cancer studies in human beings have shown that prole exposed to various nickel note compounds have an increased risk of developing lung and os nasale cancer and perpetual decease . The most probable compounds of nickel that are recognise to have cancer in humans include atomic number 28 sulphide , nickel sulfate , and oxides found in the nickel refining industriousness . The workers work in Ni refinery exposed to soluble atomic number 28 compounds had increased risk of lung and nasal cancer and smoking played a synergistic role.(2 )
Both nickel compounds and metal nickel are incur to cause lung tumor , both benignant and malignant and they are also known to cause neoplasm at other sites , other than lung . However , Cancer the Crab study on humans regarding metallic nickel is limited due to inadequate information of photograph of metal nickel , grim level of pic , small act of case and short follow - ups.(2 )
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