Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) contagion is symptomless or modest diagnostic viral contagion during the initial phase . Symptoms are like grippe and last for several days . Symptoms during initial phase angle are soft feverishness , helplessness , lethargy , body ache and throat pain in the ass like sore throat or raw throat . In USA 20 % of HIV positivist patient role are unaware of disease . HIV positive affected role may be asymptomatic for several years of latent phase . Latent phase may last 10 year or longer . Few patients may develop generalise lymphadenopathy during latent phase . During latent phase virus spreads throughlymph nodeandbone marrows . Virus stays torpid within white blood cells and lymph node . Dormant virus may initiate boring destruction of T lymphocytes .
HIV is found in all the soundbox fluid let in saliva , cerebrospinal fluid , blood , vaginal secretion , tears and breast Milk River . Only blood , cum , and breast milk have been shown to broadcast infection to others .
Pathophysiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
HIV virus is also called Lentivirus and virus is a extremity of Retrovirus . HIV infection is catching during initial phase . symptom through initial phase are often mild but the act of virus in the vascular systems is very high . During latent phase of HIV , virus onrush assistant T cells in immune system as well macrophages and dendritic cells . Human consistence immunity sustain by T lymphocytes rapidly decrement . HIV transmission eventually get Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) . deficiency of machine immunity outcome in AIDS and follows with human body susceptible to opportunist infection and bed covering of malignant neoplastic disease tissue .
Transmission Of Virus And Disease
Transmission of HIV is Not Observed with
Clinical Findings for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
In the Early Phase of HIV
In the Latent Phase of HIV
Final Phase: AIDS
After latent phase of ten year or foresighted patient may develop AIDS . symptom of AIDS are observe following severe immune deficiency .
Complications Involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Opportunistic Infection
Cancer
Post Herpetic Neuralgia
Shingles rash may irrupt during final phase of AIDS . Postherpetic neuralgia is a very plebeian complication of shingles or herpes shingles . botheration carry on for a prolonged period of time after herpes zoster wound or blizzard has healed in AIDS patients . Herpes Zoster is a viral transmission of the nerve , which results in organisation of a rash or lesions on the skin , which can be very painful . from time to time , the nerves affected by shingles can continue to cause severe pain even after the shingle have cleared . herpes zoster appear as a patch , a blizzard or a billet of painful blisters which work over the skin along a nerve in the form of a striation . This striation strain in the dispersion of the nervus where the computer virus has been reside before its spread to the hide .
Abdominal Pain
Headache
Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
1. NSAIDs for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
Anti - inflammatory Action – Pain have by inflammatory diseases are treated by either steroid hormone ornon - steroidal anti - inflammatory medications . NSAIDS are analgesics mostly dictate for modest to moderate infliction . NSAID are less effective as analgesic when treat for pain stimulate by neuropathic disease . Most common NSAIDs prescribed for mild to moderate pain in the neck are Empirin , ibuprofen ( Motrin , Advil ) , Celebrex and naproxen .
Side Effects
Tramadol – Also known as Ultram , Ultracet , Ryzolt and Conzip in USA and Ralivia in Canada . Tramadol combined with paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) provide fast and longer last pain relief that is more effective than either drug alone . This compounding therapy has demonstrated efficacy , safety and tolerability for up to two years without the development of tolerance in the intervention of continuing pain .
drug withdrawal symptoms appear in 12 to 24 hour and last several twenty-four hours or weeks because of long ½ biography . symptom are as accompany –
2. Antidepressant Analgesics for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
Antidepressant lead to improvement in pain and avail with depression , insomnia , and improve character of life history in ail affected role . Medications That increase 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline in brain have been proved to process fibromyalgia in the grownup population . These medication are duloxetine and Milnacipran .
It is also an SSRI .
3. Antiepileptic Analgesics for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
GABA protagonist . Also known as Neurontin , Gabarone , Fanatrex , Gralise and Nupentin . mechanics action as an analgesic is not known . Several pharmacological military action were celebrate such as GABA agonist , fundamental interaction with potential drop gated atomic number 20 channel and it halts the organisation of young synapsis . Gabapentin is very effective in 1/3rd of fibromyalgia and continuing neuropathic pain . Neuropathic infliction due to Crab , HIV , radiation intervention and complex regional pain syndrome is plow with gabapentin .
4. Opioids for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
5. Massage for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
Massage is manual handling of superficial and recondite layers of muscles as well as connective tissues . It helps better blood supply to muscular tissue as well as relieves musculus spasm . The tissues include sinew , sinew , ligaments , cutis , and joints . It can be done with hand , fingers , elbow , and forearm .
6. Physical Therapy (PT) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
practical app of warmth , icing , echography and electric input , as well as some muscle - release technique to the back muscles and soft tissues may assist facilitate pain . As the pain sensation subsides the physical therapist may introduce some flexibleness and strength utilisation for the back and abdominal muscles . Techniques on improving stance may also help . The patient role will be encouraged to use the techniques regularly , even after the pain has gone , to prevent back pain recurrence .
7. Acupuncture for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
8. Biofeedback and Relaxation Techniques for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
9. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
TENS simple machine delivers small electric pulses into the dead body through electrode that are place on the pelt . Research indicates TENS encourages the body to produce endorphins , and may peradventure block hurting signals returning to the brain . Studies on TENS have provided mixed outcome ; some revealed no benefits , while others indicate that it could be helpful for some patients .
10. Alternate Medicine for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
Alternative medical specialty is an integrative or complimentary medicinal drug to conventional handling .
Non - responding disease – to conventional medicine may respond by changing daily drug abuse of feeding , loosening and focus .
visitation of treatment – alternative medicine is practiced by chiropractor , allopathic physician , osteopathic doc and other clinician and therapist .
method : i ) Treatment with herbs ii ) Spiritual practice iii ) Healthy eating iv ) Avoid caffeine v ) Practice good sleep and sextuplet ) Adopt cultural tradition .
Branches : Homeopathy , Ayurveda practice of medicine , aromatherapy , euphony therapy , prayer therapy , reflexology , massage therapy , biofeedback , myofascial trigger item therapy and magnet therapy .
11. Topical Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS
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