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What is Locked-in Syndrome?
Locked - in syndrome is a neurologic condition that can lead to consummate palsy of all the voluntary muscles except the eyes . It occurs due to damage to the brain stem , typically in the pons.(1 )
It involves:(2 )
People with locked - in syndrome may be witting , alert , or awake , and may have veritable slumber and stir up cycle but would not be able to address and move .
What is Brain Stem?
The brain base connects the cerebrum to the spinal electric cord and cerebellum . It is known to consist of the mesencephalon , Lily Pons , and medulla . It is creditworthy for lively eubstance function such as breathing and consciousness . equipment casualty to the mentality stem which may occur due to stroke or tumors may lead to locked - in syndrome .
Causes of Locked-in Syndrome
lock - in syndrome may take place due to wrong to the central area of the pons.(1)The prior pons is a horseshoe - shaped heap of fibers that colligate the cerebrum to the medulla . Damage to the tissue may disrupt the motor fibers that may run from the brain to the spinal electric cord . It may also occur in the area of the pons that is important for speaking and facial muscle control .
The common causes of lesions in the Alice-Josephine Pons include :
interlace - in syndrome is more common in males than females and occurs mostly at the age of 30 - 50 years .
Also , those at risk of stroke or bleeding in the wit are also at risk of developing the locked - in syndrome . These people include those with hypertension , atherosclerosis , anddiabetes .
Symptoms of Locked-in Syndrome
the great unwashed with locked - in syndrome would initially be in a coma and slowly retrieve consciousness . They may remain paralytic and unable to speak . They would be bedfast and dependent only on caregivers .
Other symptom may admit :
Diagnosis of Locked-in Syndrome
The doc reviews a person ’s health account to identify the cause of the condition . A clinical rating is done that consist of a neurologic examination to valuate cranial nerve function .
There are a few trial run that may be do to decree out other possible health conditions . These admit :
Treatment of Locked-in Syndrome
The main goal of the handling is to reverse the underlying cause of the lock - in syndrome i.e. , cerebrovascular accident . The physician see that the person has an passable supply of bloodline and line .
The person may necessitate a tracheotomy for respiration and a gastrostomy for feeding and drinking .
Speech therapy , forcible therapyandrehabilitation therapymay be call for for conventional communication , maintaining voluntary respiratory muscle function , and small voluntary movements .
shut up - in syndrome may be difficult to name as its symptoms may be similar tocoma , catatonia , mentality death , persistent vegetative state , and akinetic mutism .
citizenry with a high risk of shot are also at a mellow risk of digest from locked - in syndrome . Most of the case are not preventable but a person should speak with a doctor to lower the risk of its natural event .
