There are two eccentric of connective tissue disease : mixed connective tissue paper disease ( MCTD ) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease ( UCTD ) . The symptoms and sign of miscellaneous connective tissue paper disease sometimes overlaps with the other autoimmune disease and it ’s difficult to name if it is interracial connective tissue disease or if it ’s an autoimmune disease . The clinical feature seen are a compounding ofsystemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),scleroderma , rheumatoid arthritisand polymyositis clinical features .
Therefore , mixed connective tissue paper disease is also have sex as overlap syndrome .
There are many antibody trial run done when miscellaneous connective tissue disease is suspected . These tests are done to name or rule out other autoimmune diseases .
Sometimes patients with assorted connective tissue disease will have those antibody tests incontrovertible and there is only one antibody trial specific to assorted connective tissue disease , but that also can be confident falsely in some instances . It is really difficult to diagnose mixed connective tissue disease ; the diagnosis is based on the history , physical test and investigation findings .
What Antibody Is Associated With Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?
The accurate etiology of mixed connective tissue disease is unknown , it may be due to B lymphocytes hyperactivation , T lymphocytes increased body process stimulate the autoimmune reaction .
There are several antibody trial done for interracial connective tissue paper disease since , it shows clinical features of auto resistant disease therefore , the antibody tests become positive and may be these antibodies are colligate with the pathogenesis of mixed connective tissue disease .
Antinuclear Antibodies ( ANA ) . Positive in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( SLE ) , this trial is very sensitive in detecting SLE but less specific . If ANA is negative it ’s improbable that someone has SLE , but it can be positive in other disease such as liver diseases , virus infections , due to drugs and even in hefty people . ANA is electropositive almost in all SLE affected role .
Anti - Double - Strand DNA Antibodies ( anti - ds DNA ) . More specific in name SLE . If both ANA and anti - dsDNA antibody are positive the diagnosis of SLE can be support . 43 - 92 % of cases with sundry connective tissue disease had anti - dsDNA positive , the specificity was about 89 - 99 % and sensitivity was about 8 - 54 % .
Anti – Ribonucleoprotein ( RNP ) Antibodies . Anti - RNP bodies are needed for the diagnosis of interracial connective tissue disease and usually titre are typically high . Anti - RNP is found in 95 - 100 % of mixed connective tissue paper disease cases . Anti – U1 - RNP is characteristic of mixed connective tissue disease . Anti - RNP antibodies are helpful in the disease monitoring as well because , these become undetectable when the disease goes into a remission degree . These antibodies are frequently associated with nuclear coarse speckled normal on Hep2 cells .
Scleroderma - Specific Antibodies . There are lot of antibody colligate with scleroderma also eff as systemic sclerosis . Anti - centromere , anti – Scl-70 ( topoisomerase ) , Anti - RNA polymerase III , Anti - U1 - RNP , Anti - Ku and anti – PM-1 ( Pm - Scl ) . Anti - centromere , anti – Scl-70 ( topoisomerase ) and anti – PM-1 ( Pm - Scl ) can be electropositive in mixed connective tissue disease .
Anti - Ro / SSA And La / SSB Antibodies . ordinarily positive in primarySjogren ’s syndrome , it ’s positive in 60 - 70 % of type . It can be positive in SLE , mixed connective tissue disease and genus Scleroderma sometimes . Anti - Ro / SSA Ig G ( IgG ) antibodies are very common in UCTD .
Antiphospholipid Antibodies . Anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus decoagulant can be convinced when pulmonic hypertension is present .
Myositis Associated Antibodies . There are many types of different myositis associated antibody and these also can be incontrovertible with mixed connective tissue disease . High - Titer Speckled Pattern Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody ( FANA ) . Seen typically in interracial connective tissue disease , however this is not specific for mixed connective tissue disease .
Rheumatoid Factor . This can be prescribed in many of the patients with miscellaneous connective tissue disease and it can be positive in patient with rheumatic arthritis ( 50 - 70 % ) .
Conclusion
The symptoms and signs of mixed connective tissue paper disease ( MCTD ) sometimes overlap with the other autoimmune diseases and it is difficult to name if it is sundry connective tissue disease or if it is an autoimmune disease . The clinical features seen are a combination of systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) , scleroderma , rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis clinical features . Therefore , mixed connective tissue disease is also love as overlap syndrome . There are several antibody tests done for mixed connective tissue paper disease since , it shows clinical feature of auto resistant diseases therefore , the antibody tests become convinced and may be these antibody are associated with the pathogenesis of mixed connective tissue disease . Antibodies associated are . Antinuclear antibodies , Anti- double - string DNA antibodies , Anti – ribonucleoprotein ( RNP ) antibodies , Scleroderma - specific antibody like Anti - centromere , anti – Scl-70 ( topoisomerase ) and anti – PM-1 ( Pm - Scl ) ; Anti - Ro / SSA and La / SSB antibodies , Antiphospholipid antibodies , Myositis associated antibodies , mellow - titre stippled pattern fluorescent fixture antinuclear antibody ( FANA ) , and Rheumatoid factor .
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