Gingiva is the medical term for chewing gum . It is the part of the oral mucous membrane that covers the alveolar bone and surrounds the teeth . It protract over the maxillary and mandibular os , and play a vital part in furnish support and protection to our tooth . A healthy gingiva generally appear coral pinkish in colouration with melanin pigmentation in some individuals . The health of the gingiva can aid in diagnosis of various periodontal diseases and unwritten conditions . It also helps in early detection and anticipation of various underlying systemic disorders .
The gingiva can be classified into 3 parts loosely :
bare gingiva is the liberal end of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth in a collar like fashion . Attached gingiva is the immovable portion of the gingiva , which stretch from the attached final stage of the marginal gingiva up to the alveolar mucosa . The interdental gingiva ( also known as interdental papilla ) , is the v - shaped fate that occupy the interdental orbit ; i.e. the region between two adjacent teeth . The depressed portion of the interdental gingiva ( phone Col ) , find between below the proximal contact expanse of 2 adjacent area is highly prone to infection .
What is Gingival Enlargement?
Gingival enlargement is a multifactorial condition characterised by unnatural increase in size of it of the gingiva . It is the most common feature of any gingival disease . Besides being unpleasant and non- aesthetic in appearance , gingival giantism may do irritation and trouble with speech and mastication . In certain typeface , gingival elaboration may also lead to bleeding and funky odour from the unwritten enclosed space .
Classification of Gingival Enlargement
Gingival enlargement can be broadly classified as :
Epidemiology of Gingival Enlargement
periodontic diseases , mostly characterised by gingival enlargement , ever since the daytime of Hippocrates have affected the human dentition . Host , agent and surroundings are the 3 main factors that stimulate the enlargement . Host being the oral cavity ; broker being causative organisms ; and environment being the favourable experimental condition for development of the disease . The causative factors can be divided into 2 canonic sorting wish , Local and Systemic .
Studies have shown that gingivitis alone is more vernacular in male children than in female person . Puberty and pregnancy are hump to make gingival giantism in view of endocrine changes within the body . diphenylhydantoin sodium used in the treatment of epilepsy has been found to cause fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva .
sure genetic anomalousness and acquired inbred errors of metabolic process may have an unco high susceptibility to gingival expansion . Also , it may be more common in emotionally disturbed individual .
Causes of Gingival Enlargement
Gingival enlargement may be induce by dental issues such as plaque accumulation , wretched oral hygiene , wrong brushing technique , anatomic deformities , and irritation from unfitting restorations , badly - meet prosthesis and improper orthodontic appliances . A large issue of systemic diseases can also present itself with gingival expansion as a vital symptom . In summation to dental issues and systemic disorders , gingival enlargement can also be because of result of hormonal changes in the soundbox . It can also present itself as a reception to certain drug .
Diagnosis of Gingival Enlargement
Gingival elaboration may be self - diagnose when warnings signs such as :
Clinically it is characterised by local changes in appearance , swelling or dropsy , change in color of the gums and increase disposition to bleed upon periodontal probing . In systemic conditions such as leukemia , symptoms may be associate with spontaneous gingival hemorrhage , petechia , mucosal achromasia , herpetic lesions and monilia disease . A complete blood work can be useful in diagnosis of underlying systemic disease . If an exact diagnosis could not be made based on the patient history and clinical examination , a biopsy is done on a tissue paper specimen and hematological examination are done . Appropriate counselling and education can serve in bar and sensing at an other stage .
Treatment of Gingival Enlargement
Treatment of gingival enlargement is base on correct sympathy of the underlying pathological change and root word cause agent . The treatment options are :
Antibiotics are often dictate to thin the danger of infection . Regular stick to up with a periodontist is advised for sustentation and specify reoccurrence .
Plaque build - up being one of the cardinal causes for gingival elaboration , adequate sustenance of unwritten hygiene is a must . This include brushing in the right technique at least twice a daytime with steady use of dental floss and mouthwash . Periodic visit to the dentists , preferably a periodontist , is extremely recommended for regular evaluation and preventative measures . One may also study scaling once every 6 month for keep up intelligent gums .
