What is Hypoparathyroidism?
Hypoparathyroidism is a aesculapian condition where the soundbox secrete passing low level of parathyroid internal secretion ( PTH ) . This is an rare condition . When the parathyroid glands do not release sufficient parathyroid hormone , it results in hypoparathyroidism . The human body consists of four parathyroid glands posit adjacent to the thyroid gland gland in the cervix . Due to low output of PTH , there are abnormally low degree of calcium ( hypocalcemia ) in the ivory and profligate and increased degree of blood serum phosphorus . ( hyperphosphatemia )
Parathyroid hormone play an important role in maintaining and regulating the balance of stratum of two minerals in the dead body , namely daystar and calcium . In hypoparathyroidism the decreased production of PTH leads to highly abject ionize levels of calcium in the bones and stock ; and an increased stage of serum phosphorus .
Treatment of hypoparathyroidism comprises of supplements to help anneal the level of phosphorus and calcium . depend on the cause of hypoparathyroidism , patient may call for to take postscript for life .
Causes of Hypoparathyroidism
Acquired Hypoparathyroidism : This is the vernacular lawsuit of hypoparathyroidism , which occurs after removal of the parathyroid glands or inadvertent damage to them during surgery ; which can be done as a intervention for thyroid gland gland disease , or for cervix and pharynx cancer .
Hereditary Hypoparathyroidism : The parathyroid glands can be abstracted at parturition , or they do not function properly . There are some types of hereditary hypoparathyroidism , which occur in relation to problems with other secretory organ that farm hormones .
Autoimmune Disease : The body ’s resistant organization get antibodies against the parathyroid tissue and erroneously see them as foreign bodies and rejects them resulting in the parathyroid glands stop the production of PTH .
Decreased Mg levels in the blood affect the map of parathyroid glands . It is important that the serum magnesium grade are at a normal level to maintain an optimal secernment of parathyroid hormone .
all-embracing radiation syndrome therapy for genus Cancer to the cervix or expression can cause destruction of the parathyroid glands and conduct to hypoparathyroidism .
Risk Factors of Hypoparathyroidism
Signs & Symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism
Complications of Hypoparathyroidism
Reversible complications occur from low levels of Ca and most of them will ameliorate with treatment :
Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism
aesculapian history of the affected role is taken where the doctor ask the patient role regarding his / her symptoms , such as tingling / muscle cramps in the lips , toes , fingers etc . The physician will also want to bang whether the affected role has had any recent surgeries , which involve the neck opening or thyroid gland gland .
Physical exam of the patient is conducted where the doctor front for signs which indicate hypoparathyroidism , such as twitch of the facial muscle .
Urine test is also done to assess whether the patient role ’s body is pass excessive calcium .
Developmental milestones and tooth development is checked in fry .
Blood psychometric test are done and given below finding can indicate hypoparathyroidism :
Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism
The aim of treatment for hypoparathyroidism is alleviate the symptom and normalizing the levels of phosphorus and calcium in the eubstance . Hypoparathyroidism treatment usually comprise of :
Dietary step for Hypoparathyroidism comprise of taking the following dieting :
Observation : Regular monitoring is needed where the doctor will check the affected role ’s blood for monitoring the level of atomic number 15 and calcium . Initially , these mental test will be done weekly , then monthly . Over a period of time , blood tests will be done doubly a class .
Diuretics : Despite discourse , if the patient role continues to have downcast level of atomic number 20 in the parentage , then the doctor can prescribe a diuretic medication , specifically a thiazide diuretic such as metolazone or hydrochlorothiazide . Thiazides help in increasing blood - calcium levels whereas other character of diuretics , such as loop diuretic drug , decrease the level of atomic number 20 in the blood .
Regular Blood test : As hypoparathyroidism is a chronic ( long - hold out ) condition , treatment for this is commonly lifelong along with performing even bloodline examination for determining whether the calcium in at normal levels according to which dosage of the calcium supplement is adjusted .
Lifelong Treatment : Patients suffering from hypoparathyroidism can keep their symptoms under control with on-going handling . Early diagnosing and discussion of hypoparathyroidism helps in prevent the complication of this condition which can be potentially permanent .
Prevention of Hypoparathyroidism
There is no specific method for preventing hypoparathyroidism . However , if the patient role is scheduled for a neck or thyroid surgery , then he / she should let the cat out of the bag to the surgeon beforehand to reassure that adequate measures are undertaken to head off damage to the parathyroid gland during surgery . After any surgery on the neck or thyroid , patient should be on the lookout for sign and symptom , which indicate hypoparathyroidism , such as a combustion / tingle superstar in the mouth , fingers , toe or cramping/ twitching of the muscles . If the patient role starts to receive these symptom , then immediate treatment should be start with calcium and vitamin D in gild to decrease the personal effects of hypoparathyroidism .
