What is Macroglossia?
When the tongue becomes flesh out in comparing to the other structures of the mouth , it is termed as Macroglossia . Mostly , it occurs secondary to a master disorder that may be innate i.e. present since birth or win . Rarely , macroglossia is an isolated and inborn characteristic . In some of the case , the glossa may bulge out from the sass . Although the exact portion of universe digest from this disease is unidentified , the condition is mostly see in syndromes likeDown syndromeandBeckwith - Wiedemann syndrome . In Beckwith - Wiedemann syndrome , almost 97 % of the affected role suffer from macroglossia .
Symptoms of Macroglossia
In the congenital upset , the enlargement of the tongue may cause difficulty in eat the babe . Talking gets affected too because of Macroglossia . The big size causes abnormal maturation of teeth and jaw that result in protruding tooth . Dying tissue and ulceration on the edge of the spit are some other symptoms of Macroglossia . An blown-up knife interferes with eating and external respiration . Breathing problems may give rise to snoring , stridor , and sleep disturbance . The quietus ruffle get aggravate due to occlusion in the air passage for patients in supine stance . Regarding the oral bodily cavity of the digestive tract , food inhalation gets refine significantly . The patients suffering from Macroglossia can not bind the saliva in their mouth , have trouble in chewing and swallowing the food and sometimes may slaver too . small fry with Macroglossia take time to speak and may face problem to pronounce sure speech . Moreover , it increase the risk of trauma , i.e. biting one ’s tongue gets increase . Trauma can lead to ulceration and infection of the knife .
Causes of Macroglossia
Macroglossia can hap as a result of both inborn and get cause . Some innate case of Macroglossia include the following :
The acquired causes of Macroglossia include the followers :
Macroglossia can occur due to rabble-rousing and traumatic reason too . The inflammatory causes of Macroglossia are :
The traumatic case of Macroglossia are :
Diagnosis of Macroglossia
The diagnosing of macroglossia is based upon the clinical testing of the patients . The macroglossia can be diagnose through mandibular or by upper and lower jaw deformities . lie with the affected role ’s as well as his family story and also thorough physical examination are useful indicators of diagnosis . A laboratory trial of the ancestry sample , histopathological examination of aspirates and microbiological swabs culture are used to distinguish the endocrinological and metabolic disorders . lingua biopsy can be done after stop up the air lane of the patient . Physicians who take the tongue biopsies are prepared for hemorrhage . The magnetic reverberance imaging of throat and larynx are indicators of the airway obstruction and kip disturbances . Radiology can appraise the jaw and dental anomalousness .
Treatment for Macroglossia
Medical treatment of macroglossia is helpful when the disease has been truly diagnosed i.e. , either caused due to infection , hypothyroidism or amyloidosis . If the etiology of Macroglossia is not clear , no medical intervention can be utilitarian . The small-scale subroutine that have been do on patients with macroglossia include cautery , soft tissue paper destruction or use of sclerosing agents . These procedure are targeted at the tongue bases and not at the tongue where global enlargement is seen .
Malignant tumor are managed by chemoradiation and surgery that bet on the eccentric and susceptibility though cancer in the tongue ’s anterior part is resected surgically . The mechanical therapy is helpful in macroglossia with hypotonia . This treatment is hold out through the complex electric stimulation .
dissimilar shape of keyhole tongue resection can be used , depending on its size . These have evidence to be successful in restoring the tongue function while some of the reaction types have proved to be better than others . The keyhole method is the most popular method of resection . Along with the breadth of the tongue , it also trim back the anterior - posterior size . The verbal description of this method acting include the resection of the tongue ’s tip .
tumesce is the biggest terror post - operation . However , in typeface a tracheotomy is do before the operating room the threat reduces greatly . The brass of antibiotic drug and steroids are common after the surgical operation and at the same clock time if the clapper ’s move is limited post - surgery it shrink the pain in the neck and inflammation . liquid soothe the tongue . When the glossa does not dumbfound any impedimenta to airway for the patient role and he is able to take oral diet right , he is released from the infirmary .
Prevention of Macroglossia
Regarding the genetic shape of macroglossia , genetic counseling can be helpful . Numerous genetical disorderliness are notice in the early pregnancies and if it is too severe , abortion is advocate .
Conclusion
The successful treatment of Macroglossia may call for a multidisciplinary approach . If the enlargement of the tongue is due to systemic disease , medical management is sufficient . Surgical reduction gives the best result in the treatment of Macroglossia . Surgery is required in most of the secondary macroglossia slip . In slip of infants , operating theater may be require within 7 months of years . If the disease is notice at an early microscope stage it treatment becomes well-off . button-down methods of treatment have limited utility . T for hypothyroidism furnish remedial benefit . There is no requirement of discourse in mild fount .
Macroglossia is an uncommon disease and generally , it is found in child . In almost 6 % of the cases , it is said to be have occurred in patients having a prescribed folk history . Macroglossia is listed as a rare disease by the National Organization of Rare disorderliness .
