What Is Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax ( SSP ) is defined as spontaneous occurring of melody in the pleural space in patients with underlying lung disease . As the definition says SSP is secondary to an rudimentary lung disease . Secondary unwritten pneumothorax is more unwashed in aged people and the tip incidence is seen in people age 60 - 65 class . Reason for this is lung disease is seen more with advanced age . The geezerhood - adjusted rate of SSP is 6.3 casing per 100,000 someone per year for Isle of Man and 2.0 cases per 100,000 persons per year for women . The male - to - female proportion of age - adjusted rate is 3.2:1 .
Diseases associated with secondary self-generated pneumothorax
Airway Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD)/Emphysema : This is the most common cause of lowly spontaneous pneumothorax , specially when emphysema is present these affected role are at an increased risk of exposure of developing SSP . increase pulmonary pressure due to coughing with a bronchial sparking plug of mucus or phlegm bronchial plug may give rise to Secondary unwritten pneumothorax .
Cystic Fibrosis : In cystic fibrosis , up to 18.9 % of patients have been reported to grow ad-lib pneumothoraces , and they have a high incidence of recurrence on the same side after conservative management ( 50 % ) or intercostal drain ( 55.2 % ) . The risk of Secondary ad-lib pneumothorax in these patient role increases with Burkholderia cepacia or Pseudomonas infection and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ( ABPA ) .
Pneumocystis JiroveciPneumonia : Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ( PJP ) ( previously make out as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ) was a common effort of Secondary unwritten pneumothorax in patients with AIDS during the last decade . About 77 % of AIDS patients with spontaneous pneumothorax had thin - walled tooth decay , cyst , and pneumothorax from PJP contagion . With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) and far-flung exercise of trimethoprim - Gantanol ( TMP - SMZ ) prophylaxis , the incidence of PJP and associated SSP has importantly reduced .
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( LAM ) may submit with spontaneous pneumothorax . This disease is characterized by slender - surround cysts in women of childbearing geezerhood .
Interstitial lung disease are associated with connective - tissue paper disease . Apical fibrosis is present in patients with ankylosing spondylitis . Incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is about 0.29 % , it increases 45 - flock ( to 13 % ) when apical fibrotic disease is present .
Malignant Diseases
Many dissimilar types of Cancer are known to present with a pneumothorax , specially sarcoma , but GU cancers and primary lung cancer can also be present as pneumothorax . Therefore , a pneumothorax in a affected role with genus Cancer should remind a look for metastatic disease . Chemotherapeutic agents , sometimes , can also have secondary spontaneous pneumothorax .
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax most of the time exhibit as a potentially life threatening disease , requiring quick medical action and SSP patients can progress into tension pneumothorax .
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax ( SSP ) is defined as unwritten occurring of air in the pleural space in patients with underlying lung disease . SSP is more usual in elderly people and the crest relative incidence is seen in people age 60 - 65 years . The disease associated with SSP are COPD / emphysema , cystic fibrosis , severe asthma , Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia , T.B. , necrotising pneumonia , idiopathic pulmonary disease , connective tissue disorders and malignant disease . They present with shortness of hint , chest pain , and cyanosis . On examination they can be in respiratory failure , tachypnea , hypoxemia , hyercapnia , mediastinal / tracheal break , remote or scatty breath audio and additional strait like crepitation , ronchi .
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