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Multiple endocrine neoplasia are rarefied disorderliness characterize by extravagant output and multiplication of cells resulting in the formation of tumors in internal secretion glands . The tumors formed in this syndrome can be cancerous or non - cancerous in nature . These tumor can be formed in more than one endocrine gland . They are formed due to mutant in the genes that are passed from the parent to their children . This disorder run in families . Its symptoms develop allot to its types . hereditary screening can find out such cases in the upset in families . It occurs in infants or old aged people . There is no curative known for this disorder .
What Is The Most Common Cause Of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia?
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes are induced by mutation in the genes transferred from parent to their children . The mutation in sure genes is the most common cause of this upset . These defective gene are MEN 1 , RET , and CDKN1B genes . These cistron carry data for functioning growth , and multiplication of endocrine glands.(1 )
MEN 1 Gene
mutation of MEN 1 cistron gun trigger multiple endocrine neoplasia case 1 . This gene carries information for the production of a protein named Menin . This protein suppress the process of establishment of tumor in the endocrine glands . Its precise function is not clear . But , it is supposed that it inhibit the excess yield or emergence of cells in an uncontrolled fashion . It is also assumed that it plays an important role in cop and repairing DNA and affects the activity of other gene . This faulty gene deflower the production of menin leading to overrun of cell and the formation of tumors in the endocrine glands.(2 )
RET Gene
Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2 A is stimulate by mutation in the cistron RET . RET gene carries information for the production of a protein that transfer signals within the cells . This RET protein also initiate chemical reactions that regulate the cell ’ reaction fit in to the surrounding surroundings . These chemical reaction involve division or ontogeny . The mutate RET gene can increase the signaling natural action of the protein that may result in overgrowth and sectionalisation of the mobile phone in an uncontrolled manner in the absence of any signal from the environment . This uncontrolled cell division can leave in the shaping of neoplasm in the endocrine glands.(3 )
CDKN1B
MEN 2B develops due to mutations in the CDKN1B gene . This gene twit data for the product of a protein named p27 . This protein plays a vital role in the quelling of constitution of tumor in the endocrine secretor as this protein manipulate the growth and division of cell . Mutations in the CDKN1B cistron can reduce the number of p27 which is functional . The cells arise and multiply abnormally . It result in the development of tumors in the endocrine gland glands .
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome or MEN denote to a grouping of inherited disorders that leads to the development of tumors in more than one neoplasm in endocrine secretor at a metre . It can ask major endocrine glands like pituitary , thyroid , parathyroid , adrenal , and pancreas . The tumors developed can be benign or malignant . benignant tumour are slowly - grow tumors that are locate in a single part of the torso and do not spread to other portion . It is also not a biography - threaten condition . Malignant tumors are chop-chop growing neoplasm that spread to other part . If malignant tumors are not manage decently , it can be fatal . It passes on in family from one generation to others . 50 % of children take over in family with a chronicle of multiple endocrine gland neoplasias syndrome will formulate such a disorder.(4 )
Conclusion
Multiple hormone neoplasia syndromes are rare disorders that make unnatural production of hormones in the endocrine glands . It happens due to mutations in the genes that are meant to operate the production of specific proteins in the secretor as mentioned above . These proteins mold the growth and yield of the cell in these glands . Genetic mutation is the chief crusade of the disease .
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