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Parotid gland tumors form 80 % of all salivary gland tumors.(1)According to field of study , only 20 % of parotid gland tumors are malignant , and the majority of the other 77.97 % are benign in condition.(1 )

The benign conditions include pleomorphic adenoma , Warthin tumor , myoepithelioma , basal cell adenoma , oncocytoma , and cystadenoma.(3 )

What Percentage Of Parotid Tumors Are Malignant?

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma – The most prevalent malignant major salivary gland tumour that arises in the salivary tissue but predominantly the parotid secretor . It is the most common salivary neoplasm seen in child . Low - class or well - differentiated tumor are usually benignant , medium ones being more fast-growing while eminent - grade , or undifferentiated tumors metastasize betimes to regional lymph nodes and convey a wretched prognosis . Five - year selection show variation between 86 % for low - grade and 22 % for high - grade tumors.(3 )

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - This is overall the most frequent malignant salivary secreter neoplasm that stand up from any salivary gland , but is more vulgar in the underage salivary secretory organ tissue paper . It is constitute evenly in both genders with prevalence in the 6th 10 . It first presents as a behind - grow deal and then spreads along nerve case . The patient mostly complain of facial pain in the neck , and in some cases , facial paresis is present . Local recurrence is common , and distant metastasis can be check in 30 % to 40 % of patients , usually in the lung . Stage , I and II cancers , have good remedy rates , but stage III and IV disease carry a poor medical prognosis with low survival rates ( as low as 15 % to 50 % ) at ten years . Patients with lung metastases may live up to 5 year before give in to the disease.(3 )

Acinic Cell Carcinoma - This is the third most vernacular malignant neoplastic disease of the parotid gland . They grow slowly and unremarkably do not metastasise to local leaf node . However , they can go back or disseminate many years after apparent disease - free natural selection . This is ruminate in excellent survival rates of 90 % at five geezerhood , which drop to 55 % at 20 years.(3 )

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma - It is mostly recognized as a neoplasm of the venial salivary secretory organ on the flaccid roof of the mouth that is rarely seen in the parotid . It is well confused histologically with pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma . It is by and large unpredictable and can induce perineural encroachment and lymph node metastases.(3 )

Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Most cases of SCC are metastases to the parotid from skin carcinomas . In the parotid , they may threaten local structures and so immediate surgical intervention is required . A delay will lead to important ramification in surgery , as tumors readily invade the skin and surround structures.(3 )

Lymphomas - They develop in intra - parotid lymph nodes with high risk in patients of Sjogren syndrome . They can often be confused with Warthin tumour on cytology , and more extensive tissue paper samples are usually requested , and immunohistochemistry is required.(3 )

Parotid secretory organ tumors are a group of rare cancers but still pose significant wellness hazards due to their hapless prognosis . A large population has shown metastases to different body part owing to its large multifariousness of histological type . Out of the legal age of the masses diagnosed with the tumor , 20 % will go on to overspread to removed parts , making it unmanageable to control and contend the malignancy . The survival rate in these patient is found to be around 4 to 7 months.(2 )

Malignancy is coarse in patient role with high - grade tumors making the overall survival rate of the patient role almost negligible . However , with more studies being deport on the disease , the overall survival of the fittest rate and treatment regimens are sure to improve in the coming times .

Parotid Tumor Etiology

Parotid tumor cell are known to rise from excretory stem cellphone that give emanation to mucoepidermoid and squamous cellular phone carcinomas whereas intercalated stem prison cell cause pleomorphic adenomas , tonsilla adenoidea cysts carcinomas , oncocytomas , adenocarcinomas , and acinic cell carcinoma . A tie-in has been institute with fag smoke and alcohol usance that precede to hide malignancies in the head and neck region that further metastasise to parotid secretory organ . actinotherapy photograph was also discover to be link up with parotid secreter malignancies.(3 )

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